Rhinitis | More than Just the Sniffles in Derby, CT

What Are the Symptoms of Rhinitis?

Symptoms of rhinitis can vary in severity and frequency, but commonly include:

• Nasal blockage or congestion
• Sneezing
• Runny nose or post-nasal drainage
• Itchy nose

Rhinitis can occur on its own or alongside sinusitis, an inflammation or infection of the sinuses. If you experience facial pressure, a decreased sense of smell, or thick greenish-yellow nasal drainage, sinusitis may also be present.

A qualified ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, also known as an otolaryngologist, can evaluate your symptoms and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

What Causes Rhinitis?

Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to normally harmless substances, such as:

• Plant pollens
• Mold spores
• Dust mites
• Animal dander
• Certain foods, medications, or insect venom

During an allergic response, the body produces an antibody called IgE, which triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals. These chemicals cause swelling, itching, congestion, sneezing, and increased nasal drainage.

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis depends on the time of year:

• Spring: Tree pollens
• Early summer: Grass pollens
• Fall: Weed pollens, especially ragweed, and mold spores from fallen leaves

Perennial Allergic Rhinitis occurs year-round and is often related to indoor allergens such as pet dander, mold, houseplants, and dust mites found in carpeting or upholstery.

Identifying patterns, such as seasonal symptoms, indoor versus outdoor triggers, or animal exposure, can be very helpful during evaluation.

Non-Allergic Rhinitis

Non-allergic rhinitis does not involve IgE antibodies and is not caused by an allergic reaction. You can still have non-allergic rhinitis even if allergy testing is positive.

Common causes include:

• Respiratory infections
• Certain prescription or over-the-counter medications
• Eating or drinking (sometimes specific foods, sometimes any food)
• Weather or temperature changes
• Aging
• Hormonal changes or pregnancy
• Alcohol consumption, especially red wine
• Nasal irritation or inflammation unrelated to allergy
• Nasal symptoms related to other medical conditions

One form of non-allergic rhinitis is Vasomotor Rhinitis, which is often triggered by environmental or lifestyle factors rather than allergens.

Related Conditions 

Depending on the type of rhinitis, symptoms may be associated with other conditions, including:

• Asthma
• Acute sinusitis
• Eye inflammation (conjunctivitis)
• Atopic dermatitis or eczema
• Eustachian tube dysfunction (ear pressure or fullness)
• Laryngitis and voice hoarseness
• Eosinophilic esophagitis
• Sleep disturbances

Addressing rhinitis may help improve or prevent complications related to these conditions.

Treatment Options 

Treatment depends on identifying the underlying cause of symptoms. In some cases, avoiding known triggers, such as pet exposure or environmental allergens, can significantly reduce symptoms.

When avoidance alone isn’t enough, medications may be recommended, including:

• Intranasal saline sprays or rinses
• Oral or intranasal antihistamines
• Intranasal corticosteroid sprays
• Ipratropium bromide nasal spray

For allergic rhinitis, allergen immunotherapy may be an option. This treatment gradually reduces sensitivity to allergens and is typically administered through allergy shots, under-the-tongue tablets, or drops.

If nasal congestion or a runny nose remains severe despite medication, your ENT specialist may discuss additional in-office procedures or surgical options based on your specific condition.

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

When discussing rhinitis with your healthcare provider, consider asking:

• What is the most likely cause of my rhinitis symptoms?
• Is allergy testing appropriate for me?
• Would avoiding certain triggers help improve my symptoms?
• Which medications are best suited for my condition?
• Are additional tests or referrals needed?

If you’re struggling with persistent nasal symptoms, expert evaluation can make a meaningful difference. The right diagnosis and treatment plan can help you breathe easier, sleep better, and feel more comfortable year-round.